英文长难句结构和语序，敦厚大口语给你讲显然了！

见过英文长难句吗？许多中国同学一遭逢那几行排在统统的英语，就头大，合计这句看不懂、读欠亨、写不了。其实这些看似复杂的英词句子，里头亦然有章法的——哪怕里头堆了许多从句、定语、状语、插入语等等，统统句子的“大架构”如故不成乱，语序如故死死地按着范例套路走。今天我们就用最大口语，一步步讲显然什么是英文长难句，里头的结构是怎样拼的，语序到底有多迫切，以及遭逢（或写稿）这么的句子时，该用什么目的去拆、去分析、去造！

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一、英文长难句到底长啥样？举几个例子先

先让大家感受一下英文长难句跟短句到底有啥区别：

庸俗短句：

I went home yesterday.（我昨天回家了。）

庸俗复杂句：

I went home yesterday because I was tired.（因为我累了,我昨天回家了。）

英文长难句（磨练、学术常见）：

John, who was exhausted after working for twelve hours straight in the computer lab, decided to walk slowly back to his apartment, which was located near the university, although it had started to rain heavily, because he thought that fresh air might help him relax before starting his assignment, which was due the next morning.

是不是看着像“英语的长蛇阵”？一长串，中间括一大堆讲明、修饰的从句、原因、条款等内容，把一个浅近意念念给拉成“长著述”。

其实这些长、难、复杂的句子，每一段如故主谓宾，况且每个从句里面的列队、贯穿都得奉公称职，并不是杂七杂八、专揽自由。

二、为什么英文就心爱堆这种长难句？

汉文抒发比拟摆脱，各式短句叠加就能把意念念说流露，但英文里，尽头是学术、磨练、论文、新闻，有手艺心爱一句话里把通盘细节、条款、修饰、因果、手艺信息都说流露。于是长难句就来了！

逻辑连贯：把条款、原因、遵循、范围信息放统统，让统统抒发可以落。幸免访佛：一语气说流露比分红好几小句更简练（英文更意思意思句子结构紧凑）。强调信息磋商：把迫切信息当从句、定语、状语嵌进主句。

是以会出现尽头长的句子，但这并不暗示语序摆脱了，反而更严格！

三、英文长难句的“大骨架”如故“主谓宾”

怎样知道长难句的语序？一句话：

再复杂的长句，独一找对骨干句子的“主语-谓语-宾语”，剩下的即是各式修饰讲明——它们我方还得里面按司法列队，主要结构恒久不成乱！

哪怕十个从句、插入语，皆备得老敦结实地“完句完事”，写完再回到主句，不成半途插队、变位置。

举个例子：

Let’s suppose you see this monster:

The dog that belonged to the boy who moved to England last year chased the cat, which was hiding under the car because it was scared by the thunderstorm that occurred earlier that evening.

是不是一个句子大要掺了好几层相关？但中枢骨干即是：

The dog chased the cat.

其他都是在狗和猫之间插进的修饰（the dog “that belonged to…”；the cat “which was hiding…”；thunderstorm“that occurred…”）。

每一个修饰，内里的语序如故谁作念啥+于何地+何以故这么枚举！

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四、常见英文长难句的结构想法

来组拆解：

1. 主句 + 定语从句

The book that you gave me yesterday is very interesting.

The book is very interesting.that you gave me yesterday（定语从句修饰book）

2. 主句 + 状语从句（原因/手艺/条款/遵循/蜕化）

Because I was not feeling well, I stayed at home.

I stayed at home.Because I was not feeling well（原因状语）

When she finished her homework, she went to bed.

she went to bedWhen she finished her homework（手艺状语）

3. 主句 + 插入语/同位语/分词短语

The president, deeply concerned about the economic situation, called an emergency meeting.

这里插入语标明president的情怀，但主句“called an emergency meeting”没变。

4. 多个从句+分句叠加

The student who won the competition, which was held in Beijing last month, was awarded a scholarship that would cover her tuition for three years.

三个定语从句修饰学生、比赛、奖学金，各成寂然结构。

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五、长难句的语序到底有多拘束？圮绝一步步看！

让我们拿一个经典长难句，逐层拆分，看语序是怎样安排、不成乱插的。

原句：

The old man, who lived alone in a small cottage by the river and who spent most of his days fishing and gardening, was well known in the village for his kindness towards animals, which often gathered around his home during the cold winter months.

1. 骨干：

The old man was well known in the village.

主语：“The old man”谓语：“was well known”宾/补语：“in the village”

2. 修饰老东谈主的定语：

who lived alone in a small cottage by the river and who spent most of his days fishing and gardening

——这部分是定语从句修饰“the old man”，依然“who + 谓语 + 状语”，句子不把端正乱插。

3. 修饰kindness towards animals的定语：

which often gathered around his home during the cold winter months

——修饰“animals”，如故which指引，背面主谓宾照排

拆解念念路：第一层：主句——找主谓结构第二层：紧跟主语的定语从句，还顺服主谓宾第三层：主句宾语补充的定语/状语，从句照样主谓宾逻辑第四层：插入语/比肩/补充讲明，都有我方的主谓序列

长难句不是一团乱麻，而是一层一层深邃地包裹起来，每一层的语序都要流露明了。独一你能把它一层一层圮绝（像剥洋葱皮），语序就很容易看出来。

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六、常见长难句结构类型（附汉文例如和英文语序讲明）1. 连气儿定语从句套娃

汉文：“阿谁你昨天告诉我的去过好意思国的男孩还是考上了哈佛大学。”

英文：“The boy who went to America, whom you told me about yesterday, has been admitted to Harvard University.”

圮绝：

主句：The boy has been admitted to Harvard University.定语A：who went to America（修饰boy）定语B：whom you told me about yesterday（再修饰boy）

端正：

主语压阵（The boy）定语从句一个接一个，英文都前置or后置（但结构内是主谓宾）

汉文里“你昨天告诉我的去过好意思国的男孩”我们可以乱插，比如“去过好意思国的、你昨天告诉我的男孩”，但英文不成，必须每个相关词带我方的竣工小句。

2. 状语丰富+宾语补充

汉文：“天然他很累，昨六合午依旧在藏书楼尽力学习，因为今天要磨练。”

英文：“Although he was very tired, he studied hard in the library yesterday afternoon because he had an exam today.”

这里：

although（蜕化状语）主句（主谓宾）because（原因状语）

每个小句语序都范例，不成让“因为今天要磨练”插到主句中间造成“Although he was very tired, because he had an exam today, he studied hard…”，不然语义乱了。

3. 分词短语+插入语

汉文：“在收到浑厚的信后，感到特别抖擞的学生坐窝告诉了父母。”

英文：“Having received a letter from the teacher, the student, who was very happy, immediately told his parents.”

分词短语（Having received…）修饰主语主语（the student）插入（who was very happy）主句（immediately told his parents）一律主谓宾分明

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七、长难句阅读和写稿的实用妙技：如何拆？如何拼？

1. 先圈主句，看骨干。

再复杂的结构，优先找这个句子最中枢的主语、谓语、宾语：“谁作念了啥”。

2. 别离每一层的修饰讲明。

定语从句、状语从句、分词短语、插入语/同位语，都像打补丁相似粘在主句上，不影响主句语序。

3. 记着每个从句里面也得按主谓宾端正。

无论条款、因果、修饰、范围，句子里面都要“谁干啥”的端正，不可轻松插入主语除外的东西。

4. 英文允许的状语天真位置一丝。

手艺、地方状语，惟恐可前可后，但毫不成把主语、谓语、宾语拆分。如：

Yesterday, the teacher gave us an assignment in class.（手艺提前）In class, the teacher gave us an assignment yesterday.（地方提前）

主句的主谓宾如故安如泰山！

5. 多段分句，逗号离隔，各自寂然结构。

长难句里，多小句比肩（and, but, so, while, whereas等）结构各自竣工且严谨，毫不可混插。

八、经典磨练长难句拆解引申

我们来试拆几个“真题”级别的经典长难句，看如何找语序：

句子1：

Despite repeated warnings from environmentalists, many industrial companies continue to discharge pollutants into rivers, causing irreversible damage to aquatic ecosystems, which, in turn, threatens the health of local communities.

拆解：

主句：many industrial companies continue to discharge pollutants into rivers状语：Despite repeated warnings from environmentalists（蜕化状语）遵循分词短语：causing irreversible damage to aquatic ecosystems（遵循状语）定语从句修饰ecosystems：which…（which, in turn, threatens the health of local communities）

每个部分，先囊括“谁作念啥”，再加修饰，端正一丝也没乱。

句子2：

The new policy, which was implemented last month in response to growing public demands for cleaner energy, has already led to significant reductions in carbon emissions, thereby helping the government meet its environmental goals ahead of schedule.

主句：The new policy has already led to significant reductions定语修饰policy：which was implemented last month…遵循状语：thereby helping the government meet goals

语序：主语+谓语+宾语，修饰和分词不成插主句骨干中间。

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九、遭逢长难句，怎样分析语序？“洋葱法例”

英文长难句其实即是把一层一层的意念念包进来，好比剥洋葱，心在中间，外头一层层补丁。

拆句法法度：

找出中枢主句。识别定语、状语、分词、补充讲明，都用逗号或相关词（which, that, when, because等）进击开。每个补丁/分句分析主谓宾端正。舍弃乱插、小句拼接（毫不允许在主句主谓宾之间乱插讲明）。各层端正明显然白，不成学汉文轻松对调。十、英文“不可乱插”的典型例子

汉文可以说：

在藏书楼，昨六合午，为了准备磨练，我和同学统统学习。

你可以这么、“我和同学、统统学习、昨六合午、在藏书楼、为了准备磨练”，插那里都能懂。

英文只可：

My classmates and I studied together in the library yesterday afternoon to prepare for the exam.或者手艺、地方提前，但主谓宾仍然统统：

Yesterday afternoon, my classmates and I studied together in the library to prepare for the exam.

决不成：

My classmates and I in the library to prepare for the exam yesterday afternoon studied together.（完全不合）

主谓宾“粘连”，每个修饰紧跟被修饰对象，不成跨句乱插。

十一、英文长难句语序转头口诀

一切长句，先找“谁作念啥”，再加讲明，端合法铁律。相关词指引的从句，不成闹翻主谓宾结构。景色/手艺/地方可前可后，但不成拆骨干因素。哪怕句子长到天边，每小句都是“谁作念啥”，严禁乱插！

十二、本色写法淡薄 & 解读长句小妙招写句子前，先写好主句（主语、谓语、宾语）。想加修饰？用逗号离隔，附属连词或分词短语包起来。从句、定语、状语每次膨胀，都在主句主体双方加，不插到主语和谓语中间（毫不成粘进去）。不要把定语状语插到谓语、宾语和主语之间打乱端正。阅读遇长句，一段一段圮绝，画成结构图，最快摸清语序和核情意念念。十三、一句话终端

无论英文长难句有若干胶水、补缀，最迫切的司法就一句话：

主谓宾铁板钉钉，通盘补充解说自成寂然小句，再怎样复杂都是按着语序拼接，矍铄不成乱！

独一你把这套逻辑抓显然，哪怕遭逢天书相似的英文长难句，都能分层分段拆出来，把意念念搞流露；我方写稿也能堆出方正又高水平的长句，毫不翻车！

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